• Diagnostic tips
  • E/A can be either but if > 2 then severe diastolic failure
    • ie. A very small = minimal additional blood flow in late filling / diastole
  • E/e' > 14 is always severe diastolic failure
    • ie. e' very small = minimal tissue movement

• 2016 European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/American Society of Echocardiography (EACVI/ASE)
  • Annular e' velocity = septal e' < 7 cm/s, lateral e' < 10 cm/s
  • Average E/e' ratio > 14
  • LA max volume index > 34 mL/m2 = dilated LA
  • peak TR velocity > 2.8 m/s

• Normal
• Grade 1
• Grade 2
• Grade 3

• Pre-op
• Intra-op
• Post-op

Reference Ranges and Physiologic Variations of Left E/e' Ratio in Healthy Adults: Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates